Genetic Changes in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (nsclc) and Mm
نویسندگان
چکیده
..............................................................................................................5 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS ..............................................................................7 ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................8 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................13 I REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ..................................................................................14 1 LUNG CANCER (LC) ...................................................................................................................... 14 1.1 Histological classi= cation of lung cancer .......................................................................... 14 1.2 Etiology of lung cancer ........................................................................................................ 14 1.3 Pathogenesis of lung cancer ................................................................................................ 15 2 MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA (MM) .................................................................................... 16 2.1 Histological classi= cation of malignant mesothelioma ................................................... 16 2.2 Etiology of malignant mesothelioma ................................................................................. 17 2.3 Pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma ......................................................................... 18 3 GENETIC CHANGES IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (NSCLC) AND MM ....... 19 3.1 Gene loss / silencing ............................................................................................................. 20 3.1.1 Tumor suppressor genes ............................................................................................ 21 3.2 DNA ampli= cation ............................................................................................................... 25 3.2.1 Oncogenes and growth promoting pathways ......................................................... 26 4 TREATMENT RESISTANCE IN MM ........................................................................................... 28 4.1 Gamma-interferon in MM .................................................................................................. 28 5 FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION (FISH) IN CANCER RESEARCH .............. 29 6 HIGH-THROUGHPUT METHODS IN CANCER RESEARCH .............................................. 29 6.1 Overview of the cDNA array technique ............................................................................ 29 6.1.1 Gene expression pro= ling studies on NSCLC ........................................................ 31 6.1.2 Gene expression pro= ling studies on MM .............................................................. 32 6.2 Tissue microarray (TMA) ................................................................................................... 32 7 RT-PCR AS A VERIFICATION METHOD IN cDNA ARRAY APPROACHES ..................... 32 II PRESENT STUDY ..................................................................................................34 1 AIMS OF THE STUDY .................................................................................................................... 34 2 MATERIALS ..................................................................................................................................... 35 2.1 Lung specimens (I and II) ................................................................................................... 35 2.1.1 Control lung specimens ............................................................................................ 35 2.1.2 Primary lung tumors ................................................................................................. 35
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